Upbit review: Korea’s dominant exchange, cheap and certified, but Korea-centric, hacked twice and under regulatory pressure.
Seventeenth in our Crypto Centralized Exchanges series. Upbit, run by Dunamu, is South Korea’s largest exchange, with ISMS and ISO security certifications, FIU registration and a flat 0.05% fee on won pairs. It also lost about 44.5 billion won (roughly $30 million) from a Solana hot wallet on November 27, 2025, six years after a 2019 hot-wallet theft, drew a 35.2 billion won FIU fine and an FSS sanction process, requires a Korean real-name bank account for its main market, and is mid-takeover by Naver Financial. We weighted all of it.
Our take, up front: Upbit, run by Dunamu in Seoul since 2017, is South Korea's largest crypto exchange, with ISMS and ISO security certifications, registration with the Financial Intelligence Unit, and a flat 0.05% fee on won pairs. It was also hacked twice on the same date, in 2019 and again on November 27, 2025 when about 44.5 billion won (roughly $30 million) left a Solana hot wallet and Dunamu covered the loss. The FIU fined Dunamu 35.2 billion won in November 2025, the FSS opened a sanction process in July 2026, and the Naver takeover is still pending. Access is the other catch: the main market needs a Korean real-name bank account, and Upbit does not serve US or UK residents. We score it 64.5, seventh of seventeen: above Binance and below Bybit and Gate.
Upbit, operated by Dunamu, was the first crypto exchange to receive South Korea's ISMS certification, added ISO 27001, 27017 and 27018 in 2018 and ISMS-P in September 2021 (Korean press reports). One aggregator says 95% of user funds are held in cold wallets, which we could not confirm from a primary source. The breach record is the weak point: a hot-wallet theft of about 342,000 ETH (roughly $50 million at the time) on November 27, 2019, and a second hot-wallet theft on November 27, 2025, when Solana-network tokens worth about 44.5 billion won (roughly $30 million) were moved to an unknown wallet. Upbit's first estimate was 54 billion won (about $36 million) before it re-priced the assets to the time of the transfer. Upbit said its cold wallets were untouched, moved the remaining hot-wallet assets to cold storage and said Dunamu would cover all losses from company funds. One aggregator reports that $26.4 million was reimbursed to users, that $4.03 million was a corporate loss and that $1.57 million was frozen; we treat those splits as reported, not confirmed. The disclosure timing drew criticism because the announcement followed a Naver merger event held the same day, and in July 2026 the Financial Supervisory Service (FSS) opened a sanction process over the hack. We did not find a current published proof-of-reserves attestation in the sources we reviewed.
Pros
- ISMS, ISMS-P and ISO 27001/27017/27018 certifications (company and press reports)
- Cold storage unaffected in 2025; Dunamu covered the losses (company-reported)
Cons
- Two hot-wallet thefts on the same date, six years apart
- FSS sanction process opened July 2026; no proof of reserves found
Upbit Korea is registered with South Korea's Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) as a virtual asset service provider; it was the first exchange to register, in August 2021, and its real-name banking partner is K Bank. The enforcement record is heavy. In February 2025 the FIU imposed a three-month partial suspension on onboarding new customers for virtual asset transfers, over dealings with unregistered overseas providers; a Seoul court lifted that suspension in March 2025, reportedly because of gaps in its legal basis. In November 2025 the FIU fined Dunamu 35.2 billion won (about $25 million); one report cites about 5.3 million violations, and another source gives a larger figure we did not rely on. As of February 2026 Dunamu had not said whether it would pay or contest the fine, and we could not confirm the outcome. Outside Korea, Upbit runs separate entities: Upbit Singapore holds a Major Payment Institution licence from the Monetary Authority of Singapore (January 2024), and company statements from 2024 describe Thai SEC and Indonesian BAPPEBTI regulation for the Thai and Indonesian arms, which we did not re-verify. Upbit does not serve US or UK residents. The parent is also in transition: Naver Financial's roughly $10.3 billion all-share takeover of Dunamu, announced in November 2025, has been delayed twice, with a shareholder vote set for November 19, 2026 and a completion deadline of December 31, 2026, pending antitrust and financial-regulator approvals.
Pros
- First Korean exchange registered with the FIU (August 2021)
- Singapore MPI licence; regulated regional arms (company statements)
Cons
- 35.2 billion won FIU fine (November 2025) and an FSS sanction process (July 2026)
- Not available to US or UK residents; Naver takeover still pending
Upbit's pricing is simple and low on its main market. CoinGecko lists 0.05% maker and taker on Korean won (KRW) limit orders, 0.139% on stop-limit orders and 0.25% on the BTC and USDT markets, with no volume tiers and no native-token discount. A 2026 review reports no fee for KRW deposits or withdrawals, with only network fees on crypto withdrawals; per-coin withdrawal fees vary. From July 26 to August 9, 2026 Upbit waived the 0.05% fee on stablecoins in its KRW market as a promotion, which is temporary. Two cautions apply. The low rate is on the won market, which needs a Korean bank account, and the 0.25% crypto-denominated markets are higher than several offshore competitors. CoinGecko's trust data also shows a wide average bid-ask spread of 9.19% and a low liquidity grade, which looks inconsistent with Upbit's volume and probably reflects thin altcoin pairs, so we treat that figure as unreliable. We could not load live fee pages for Upbit Singapore, Indonesia or Thailand.
Pros
- 0.05% maker and taker on KRW limit orders; no tiers to decode
- No KRW deposit or withdrawal fee (2026 review)
Cons
- 0.25% on BTC and USDT markets; 0.139% on stop-limit
- Low rate depends on a Korean bank account; regional fees not verified
Upbit is a spot-only exchange with no margin, perpetual contracts or leverage products (Solana Compass, CoinMarketCap). Counts vary by source: CoinGecko shows 347 coins and 496 pairs on its English page and 326 to 330 coins on some translated pages, CoinMarketCap says over 180 coins, and a 2026 review says over 200. It lists new tokens quickly and has added stablecoin markets, including USDT in 2024 and RLUSD and USDG in 2026. A 2026 review describes staking through Upbit-run validators and a lending programme, but South Korea's Financial Services Commission ordered exchanges in late 2025 to suspend new crypto-lending products until guidelines are in place, so check whether lending is available. There are no derivatives, stocks or launchpad.
Pros
- About 180 to 347 coins depending on source, with fast new listings
- Staking and stablecoin markets
Cons
- Spot only: no margin, futures or leverage
- Lending availability uncertain after the 2025 FSC order
For Korean residents, Upbit is a polished and widely used app that reviewers describe as beginner friendly, with a clear interface, market data and KakaoTalk sign-up (Forkast; BoxMining, 2023). Coin Bureau describes four KYC levels that unlock more features. The barrier is access. The won market requires a real-name verified account with Upbit's partner bank, K Bank, and, for foreigners, a valid Alien Registration Card, a Korean mobile number and a bank account in the same name (secondary guides, April 2026). Most non-residents cannot open a fully functional Upbit Korea account. Upbit's Singapore, Indonesia and Thailand arms generally offer crypto-to-crypto trading without a local fiat gateway, according to a June 2026 availability guide.
Pros
- Clear, popular app with KakaoTalk sign-up
- Four KYC levels with clear unlock steps (Coin Bureau)
Cons
- Needs a Korean real-name bank account for won trading
- Foreigners need an ARC and a Korean phone number
Evidence on support is thin and mostly negative outside Korea. One aggregator shows a Trustpilot rating of 1.6 from 26 reviews and another cites 1.8 out of 5, small samples that may not reflect Korean users. A 2023 review praised polite support by phone, email and KakaoTalk, though that is older and from a single reviewer. We excluded Trustpilot pages for lookalike domains such as ubcoins.co, which appear to concern unrelated sites, and anonymous review-site posts we could not verify. The Korean-language experience may be better than these English-language ratings suggest.
Pros
- Phone, email and KakaoTalk channels (2023 review)
- Local-language support for Korean users
Cons
- Trustpilot about 1.6 to 1.8 from a small sample
- Little recent evidence on dispute handling for foreign users
Upbit has no native token. Its extras are strategic more than product-led: a potential tie-up with Naver, one of Korea's largest internet groups, reports of large investments in Dunamu in 2026 (a $670 million stake from Hana Bank and over $400 million from Samsung affiliates, each from a single source), staking, an API, and an Asia-Pacific group that includes the VerifyVASP Travel Rule service. The commercial picture has weakened: Dunamu reported first-quarter 2026 revenue of 234.6 billion won, down 55% year on year, and operating profit of 88 billion won, down 78%, as trading volumes fell. In a stablecoin market where Coinone and Bithumb overtook it on daily volume in June 2026, Upbit was third at 30.1%, although it held about 60% of all Korean spot volume that month by one count (another source puts its share at 72%).
Pros
- Naver and large institutional investors (reported)
- VerifyVASP Travel Rule arm and an API
Cons
- No native token or launchpad
- Q1 2026 profit down 78%; stablecoin share slipping
Cheap and dominant at home, but check whether you can actually open an account.
Upbit suits people who live in South Korea or hold an Alien Registration Card, a Korean phone number and a K Bank account, and who want low won-market fees and deep local liquidity. Outside Korea, access is limited to separate Singapore, Indonesia and Thailand entities that we could not verify. Confirm that your country is served, enable every security control, treat the pending Naver takeover and the FSS sanction process as live risks, and keep long-term holdings in self-custody because we found no proof of reserves.
Seventh of seventeen: very cheap and dominant in Korea, but hacked twice, fined by the FIU and closed to most people outside Korea.
Upbit scores 64.5, ahead of Binance (61.25), Bitget (59.5), Bitfinex (58.75), KuCoin (58.5), MEXC (58), Bitstamp (57.75), Gemini (57.25), Binance.US (53.75), Bitrue (51.25) and HTX (45.5); it trails Bybit and Gate (66), Crypto.com (67.75), OKX (69), Coinbase (69.25) and Kraken (74). It earns its marks on a flat 0.05% won-market fee, ISMS and ISO certifications, FIU registration and a prompt, full reimbursement after the 2025 hack. It loses ground on two hot-wallet thefts, a record FIU fine, an open FSS sanction process, spot-only products, no proof of reserves we could find and access that depends on Korean banking. Revisit the score if the Naver deal closes, the FSS sanction is settled or Upbit publishes a proof of reserves.
The scorecard above is deliberately general. Whether Upbit is right for you depends mostly on where you live, because access to its main market is tied to Korean residency and banking.
The Korean resident who trades won pairs
A flat 0.05% fee, deep local liquidity, certified security and a familiar app suit everyday Korean users.
The foreign resident with an Alien Registration Card
With a Korean phone number and a K Bank account in your name, you can use the same low-fee won market.
The user in Singapore, Indonesia or Thailand
Separate Upbit entities offer crypto-to-crypto trading in those markets; we could not verify their current terms.
The US or UK resident, derivatives trader or reserves-conscious holder
Upbit does not serve US or UK residents, is spot only, and we found no published proof of reserves.
These four tables cover the specifics we didn't want to bury in prose: the fee picture, the reserves and incident timeline, regulatory footprint, and how the exchanges in this series compare.
What Upbit charges (and where sources are thin)
| Item | Maker | Taker | Source note |
|---|---|---|---|
| KRW market, limit orders | 0.05% | 0.05% | CoinGecko; a 2026 review reports the same flat rate |
| KRW market, stop-limit | 0.139% | 0.139% | CoinGecko |
| BTC and USDT markets | 0.25% | 0.25% | CoinGecko, CoinMarketCap |
| KRW stablecoin pairs, promotion | 0.00% | 0.00% | Temporary waiver, July 26 to August 9, 2026 (4Pillars) |
| KRW deposit and withdrawal | None | None | 2026 review; crypto withdrawals carry per-coin network fees |
| Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand | Not verified | Not verified | We could not load current fee pages for these entities |
Fees are taken from aggregators and reviews because we could not load Upbit’s live fee page. Check it before trading.
Security, reserves and incident timeline
| Date | Event | Detail |
|---|---|---|
| Nov 2019 | Hot-wallet theft | About 342,000 ETH (roughly $50M at the time) taken from the hot wallet |
| 2018 to 2021 | Certifications | First exchange with ISMS; ISO 27001/27017/27018 in 2018; ISMS-P in September 2021 |
| Feb 2025 | FIU partial suspension | Three months, over dealings with unregistered overseas providers; a Seoul court lifted it in March 2025 |
| Nov 2025 | FIU fine | 35.2 billion won (about $25M); Dunamu had not said whether it would pay as of Feb 2026 |
| Nov 27, 2025 | Solana hot-wallet breach | About 44.5B won (roughly $30M), first put at 54B won; cold wallets untouched; Dunamu covered the loss |
| Jul 2026 | FSS sanction process | Inspection findings sent to Dunamu over the hack; proposed sanction level not yet announced |
| 2026 | Reserves | No current proof-of-reserves report found in the sources we reviewed |
The split of the 2025 loss between users and the company ($26.4M and $4.03M) comes from one aggregator, so we treat it as reported.
Where Upbit stands with regulators
| Region | Status |
|---|---|
| Company | Dunamu Inc., Seoul; Naver Financial’s all-share takeover (about $10.3B) pending, with a vote set for Nov 19, 2026 and a Dec 31, 2026 deadline |
| South Korea | FIU-registered virtual asset service provider (first, August 2021); real-name banking with K Bank; ISMS-P certified |
| Enforcement | 35.2B won FIU fine (Nov 2025); FSS sanction process over the 2025 hack (July 2026) |
| Singapore | Upbit Singapore holds a MAS Major Payment Institution licence (January 2024) |
| Thailand, Indonesia | Regulated by the Thai SEC and BAPPEBTI per 2024 company statements; not re-verified |
| Not served | US and UK residents (June 2026 availability guide) |
Regulatory status differs by entity and changes quickly. Confirm the entity that will serve you, and your location’s status, on the relevant register.
Series 10 so far
| Binance | Kraken | Coinbase | Gate | OKX | Bybit | MEXC | HTX | Bitfinex | Bitget | Crypto.com | Bitrue | Binance.US | KuCoin | Bitstamp | Gemini | Upbit | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Security (30) | 5.5 | 8.0 | 7.5 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 6.5 |
| Regulation (20) | 4.0 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 8.0 | 3.5 | 5.0 | 3.5 | 8.0 | 7.0 | 6.5 |
| Fees (15) | 8.5 | 6.0 | 4.5 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 5.5 | 9.0 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 9.0 | 6.5 | 5.0 | 4.0 | 8.5 |
| Coverage (10) | 9.5 | 8.0 | 7.5 | 9.5 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 9.5 | 8.0 | 6.5 | 8.5 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 5.5 | 9.0 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 6.5 |
| Experience (10) | 7.0 | 7.5 | 8.0 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.0 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 |
| Support (10) | 3.5 | 4.5 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 |
| Ecosystem (5) | 8.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 8.5 | 8.0 | 7.0 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 8.5 | 9.0 | 7.0 | 4.5 | 7.5 | 4.5 | 6.5 | 5.5 |
| Our score | 61.25/100 | 74/100 | 69.25/100 | 66/100 | 69/100 | 66/100 | 58/100 | 45.5/100 | 58.75/100 | 59.5/100 | 67.75/100 | 51.25/100 | 53.75/100 | 58.5/100 | 57.75/100 | 57.25/100 | 64.5/100 |
Category scores are out of 10 and weighted as shown, taken from each review in this series.
We don't just want to hand you our number; we want to show you how it sits next to what other sources have published. Security commentary is mixed, consumer ratings are low and regulatory commentary is cautious, and our score lands above the blended figure.
Our score lands above the aggregated figure, because low consumer ratings and the enforcement record pull the blend down, while our scorecard credits Upbit's very low fees, certifications and full reimbursement after the 2025 hack and also weighs its thefts and Korea-only access.
| Source | Score | Type |
|---|
Scores compiled by our editorial team from publicly available reviews as of November 2026. "Estimate" means the source didn't publish a single numeric score, so we converted its published verdict and sentiment into a comparable 100-point figure. Verify current figures directly with each source before citing them elsewhere.
It holds ISMS, ISMS-P and ISO 27001/27017/27018 certifications (company and press reports) and is registered with South Korea's FIU. It has also suffered two hot-wallet thefts, in November 2019 and November 2025, and in both cases users were made whole, according to the company and press reports. We found no current published proof of reserves.
On November 27, 2025 Upbit detected unauthorised transfers of Solana-network tokens from a hot wallet. The loss was first put at 54 billion won (about $36 million) and later re-priced to about 44.5 billion won (roughly $30 million). Upbit said cold wallets were untouched and that Dunamu would cover the losses. The FSS opened a sanction process in July 2026, and the disclosure timing drew criticism.
US and UK residents are not served. Upbit Korea's won market needs a real-name bank account at K Bank, plus an Alien Registration Card and a Korean mobile number for foreigners, so most non-residents cannot open a full account. Separate Upbit entities in Singapore, Indonesia and Thailand offer crypto-to-crypto trading, and we could not verify their current terms.
CoinGecko lists 0.05% maker and taker on Korean won limit orders, 0.139% on stop-limit orders and 0.25% on BTC and USDT markets. A 2026 review reports no KRW deposit or withdrawal fee, and crypto withdrawals carry network fees. A stablecoin fee waiver ran from July 26 to August 9, 2026.
Sources disagree: CoinGecko shows 347 coins and 496 pairs on its English page and fewer on some translated pages, CoinMarketCap says over 180, and a 2026 review says over 200. Upbit is spot only, with no margin or futures.
Naver Financial agreed in November 2025 to take over Dunamu, Upbit's operator, in an all-share deal valued at about $10.3 billion. The deal has been delayed twice; the shareholder vote is set for November 19, 2026 and completion is due by December 31, 2026, subject to antitrust and financial-regulator approvals.
The evidence is thin. English-language aggregators show Trustpilot ratings of about 1.6 to 1.8 out of 5 from small samples, while a 2023 review praised phone, email and KakaoTalk support. We excluded pages about lookalike domains. Korean users may have a better experience than these ratings imply.
Upbit scores 64.5 against Kraken's 74. Upbit is cheaper on its home won market and has deeper Korean liquidity, but it is Korea-centric, spot only, was hacked in 2019 and 2025 and faces a pending sanction process. Kraken has a cleaner security record, proof-of-reserves audits and far wider access.
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